Pal-GHK (Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1)

🧪 What Is Pal-GHK (Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1)?

Pal-GHK (Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1) is a sophisticated synthetic lipopeptide consisting of the endogenous matrikine sequence Glycine-Histidine-Lysine (GHK) covalently conjugated to a palmitic acid (C16:0) fatty acid chain . This strategic acylation transforms the native, hydrophilic GHK peptide—which is rapidly degraded and poorly membrane-permeable—into a bioavailable signaling molecule capable of intercalating into lipid bilayers and resisting rapid enzymatic cleavage. 🧫✨

Crucially, Pal-GHK is distinct from Pal-AHK (Palmitoyl Tripeptide-3). While both bind copper, the GHK sequence specifically mimics a collagen-derived damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), making it the most extensively studied matrikine in dermatological and wound healing research . At Buy Peptides Online USA, we supply authentic Pal-GHK (CAS 147732-56-7) , not structural analogs. 🔬✅

Primary Research Functions:

• 📌 Collagenesis induction in dermal fibroblasts
• 📌 Angiogenic signaling via VEGF/bFGF upregulation
• 📌 Copper chelation for metalloenzyme modulation
• 📌 Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling research
• 📌 Dermal papilla cell activation in trichology studies

⚠️ STRICT RESEARCH USE ONLY: Not for human consumption, injection, topical application, or cosmetic formulation. For in vitro and ex vivo laboratory experimentation exclusively.

⚗️ Pal-GHK Peptide Structure & Verified Technical Specifications

Precision research demands precision reagents. Below is the complete, verifiable analytical profile for our Pal-GHK. Every batch is accompanied by a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) containing raw HPLC chromatograms and MS spectra. 📊✅

📋 Peptide Specifications Table

🔬 How Does Pal-GHK Work? Mechanisms of Action & Molecular Signaling

Understanding the bimodal mechanism of Pal-GHK is essential for designing rigorous, publication-ready research protocols. Unlike unmodified GHK, Pal-GHK operates via two synergistic pathways: 🧠⚡

1. 🧲 Copper-Dependent Signaling (The “Active Complex” Hypothesis)

The histidine residue at position 2 of the GHK sequence possesses an imidazole side chain with exceptionally high affinity for divalent copper ions (Cu²⁺) . This forms a stable 1:1 Pal-GHK-Cu complex—hypothesized to be the dominant bioactive species.

This complex is documented to:

• Upregulate VEGF, bFGF, and HGF: Drives angiogenesis in HUVEC and microvascular endothelial cell cultures
• Inhibit MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9: Shifts ECM equilibrium from degradation to synthesis
• Stabilize HIF-1α: Mimics hypoxic signaling to promote neovascularization
• Scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS): Copper-dependent SOD-mimetic activity

2. 💊 Membrane-Mediated Bioavailability (The “Delivery” Function)

Native GHK (MW ~340 Da) is hydrophilic and undergoes rapid proteolysis (plasma half-life <2 minutes). Palmitoylation (C16:0) solves this:

• Lipid bilayer intercalation: The C16 chain anchors into the hydrophobic core of plasma membranes
• Prolonged residence time: Sustained signaling vs. bolus stimulation
• Potential receptor clustering: May facilitate dimerization of growth factor receptors

📌 Research Note: Pal-GHK is not pre-complexed with copper. If your study requires the copper complex, you must chelate it in situ using copper salts (e.g., CuSO₄ or Cu(Gly)₂) at empirically determined ratios.

🧫 Primary Research Applications & Typical Research Focuses

Pal-GHK is not a cosmetic ingredient in our supply chain—it is a precision research tool. Below are the validated experimental models where Pal-GHK serves as the investigational agent:

🧴 1. Dermatology & Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Remodeling

• Collagen quantification: Hydroxyproline assays, Western blot (Col1A1, Col3A1), qPCR for COL1A1/COL3A1
• Fibroblast proliferation kinetics: BrdU incorporation, Ki-67 immunostaining
• Scratch wound closure assays: Confluent fibroblast or keratinocyte monolayers
• UV-induced photodamage models: Human skin explants irradiated with solar-simulated UV

💇 2. Trichology & Hair Follicle Biology

• Dermal papilla cell (DPC) induction: ALP activity, Versican, Lef-1, β-catenin nuclear translocation
• Ex vivo hair follicle culture: Microdissected human scalp follicles; hair shaft elongation (µm/day)
• Androgen receptor modulation: Co-treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

🩸 3. Vascular Biology & Angiogenesis Research

• Endothelial tube formation: HUVECs on Matrigel®; quantify nodes, meshes, total branch length
• Aortic ring sprouting assay: Rat aortic explants in collagen matrix
• CAM assay: Chorioallantoic membrane neovascularization

🧪 4. Analytical Chemistry & Formulation Science

• LC-MS/MS method development: Pal-GHK as internal standard for Pal-KTTKS quantification
• Liposome characterization: DSC, DLS, and Franz cell diffusion studies
• Stability-indicating HPLC methods: Forced degradation studies (acid/base/oxidative/thermal)

📄 Certificate of Analysis (COA) & Quality Verification Protocol

Why “≥98%” Is Our Minimum—Not Our Maximum. 🎯

At Buy Peptides Online USA, we do not sell peptides based on marketing claims. We sell data. Every vial of Pal-GHK (CAS 147732-56-7) is released only after passing orthogonal analytical verification:

📈 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

• Instrument: Waters Alliance e2695 / Agilent 1260 Infinity
• Column: C18, 5 µm, 4.6 × 250 mm
• Detection: PDA @ 214 nm (peptide bond) & 280 nm (aromatic)
• Gradient: 20–80% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA over 20 min
• Acceptance Criteria: Main peak area ≥98.0% ; no single impurity >1.5%

🎯 Mass Spectrometry (MS)

• Method: ESI-TOF (Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight)
• Expected [M+H]⁺: 579.8 m/z
• Expected [M+2H]²⁺: 290.4 m/z
• Acceptance Criteria: Mass accuracy ±0.5 Da ; no evidence of deletion sequences

💧 Additional QC Parameters

• Karl Fischer: Residual moisture <5%
• Appearance: Visual inspection for color/clarity
• Bulk density: Consistent with lyophilized cake integrity

Your downloadable COA includes: Raw HPLC chromatogram (with integration marks), raw MS spectra (annotated), and QC officer digital signature. We encourage independent verification. 🔬✅

❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is Pal-GHK the same as GHK-Cu?

Absolutely not. This is the most common misconception in peptide research. 🚫

• GHK-Cu: Pre-complexed copper-peptide; water-soluble; immediate bioactivity.
• Pal-GHK: Acylated carrier peptide. No copper bound. Requires exogenous copper to form the active complex in your assay system.

2. Why won’t Pal-GHK dissolve in water or PBS?

This is expected. The C16 palmitoyl chain is highly hydrophobic. ✅
Correct reconstitution protocol:

1. Centrifuge vial briefly to pellet powder.
2. Add DMSO or 100% anhydrous ethanol (10–30 mg/mL).
3. Vortex vigorously (1–2 min) until clarified.
4. Dilute slowly into aqueous buffer (PBS, media) with continuous vortexing.
5. Use immediately. Do not store in aqueous solution.

3. What is the stability of reconstituted Pal-GHK?

Limited. Hydrolysis of the palmitoyl-amide bond occurs in aqueous environments. ⏳

• Lyophilized: 24 months at -20°C
• In DMSO: 1 month at -20°C
• In aqueous buffer (pH 7.4): <24 hours at 4°C; discard unused working solution

4. What purity do I need for receptor binding studies?

≥98% is mandatory. Lower purity (e.g., 95%) often contains:

• Deletion sequences (e.g., Pal-GH, Pal-GK) → competitive antagonists
• Oxidized methionine (not applicable here, but relevant for other peptides)
• Residual TFA → cytotoxicity in sensitive cell lines

Our ≥98% specification ensures you are testing the full-length, correct-sequence peptide. 🎯

📦 Packaging, Shipping & Laboratory Handling

📦 Packaging Specifications

• Primary container: 2 mL or 5 mL Type I borosilicate glass vial
• Closure: Bromobutyl rubber stopper (low heavy-metal content), aluminum crimp seal
• Headspace: Nitrogen-purged to prevent oxidation
• Secondary packaging: Foil laminate zip-seal bag with desiccant pouch

🚚 Shipping Conditions (USA Domestic)

• Carrier: FedEx Priority Overnight / 2Day
• Thermal protection: Polar packs (spring/fall), gel ice packs (summer), insulated EPS coolers
• Transit time: 2–5 business days (contiguous USA)
• International: Subject to local customs; import permits are buyer’s responsibility

🧤 Laboratory Handling & Safety

• PPE required: Nitrile gloves, lab coat, safety eyewear
• Ventilation: Use in fume hood when handling powder
• Decontamination: 0.1% SDS or 10% bleach solution
• Spill management: Absorb with inert material; dispose as chemical waste

🛡️ Why Choose Buy Peptides Online USA? (Transactional Value Proposition)

We understand that your research funding is competitive and your timelines are unforgiving. Here is why experienced investigators consistently choose us: 🏆

✅ Authenticity Guarantee

If the HPLC/MS data does not match the stated specifications, you receive a full replacement or 100% refund. No questions. No delays.

🔬 Technical Consultation (24/7)

Our support team understands peptide chemistry. We do not use chatbots. Ask us about solubility, assay compatibility, or stability protocols—we answer within hours, not days.

💰 Flexible Payment Options

• Credit cards: VISA, MC, AMEX, Discover (Stripe secure tokenization)
• Cryptocurrency: Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT (Tron/ERC-20) → +5% discount
• Bank wire: Available for institutional purchase orders

📦 Rapid Fulfillment

• Same-day shipping for orders placed before 2:00 PM EST (Mon–Fri)
• Real-time inventory—no backorders on in-stock items
• Bulk quotes available for >1 gram quantities

🧪 Research-Exclusive Supply Chain

We do not sell to consumers. We do not support cosmetic formulation. Our systems, disclaimers, and compliance protocols are optimized exclusively for the laboratory research community. 🔬🇺🇸

📚 Referenced Citations & Scientific Background

While we cannot display live hyperlinks per platform guidelines, the following peer-reviewed literature supports the research applications described above:

1. Pickart, L., et al. (2015). “GHK-Cu: A multifunctional peptide in skin repair and regeneration.” Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.
2. Gruber, J. V., et al. (2019). “Comparative analysis of palmitoylated peptides in human dermal fibroblast cultures.” International Journal of Cosmetic Science.
3. Husein El Hadmed, H., & Castillo, R. F. (2016). “Cosmeceuticals: Peptides, proteins, and growth factors.” Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.
4. Wegrowski, Y., et al. (2013). “Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis by copper peptides in human fibroblasts.” Archives of Dermatological Research.

⚖️ Legal Compliance & Regulatory Information

FOR LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY.
NOT FOR HUMAN OR VETERINARY USE.
NOT FOR COSMETIC USE (IN VIVO).
NOT FOR FOOD OR DRUG USE.

United States Compliance:
This product is sold in strict compliance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), 21 U.S.C. § 301 et seq. It is explicitly labeled for “Research Use Only” and is not intended for introduction into food, drugs, or cosmetics intended for consumer use. By purchasing this product, the buyer certifies that they are a qualified scientific professional or are acting under the direct supervision of a qualified professional in a laboratory setting.

Export Compliance:
Buyer is responsible for compliance with all applicable export control laws and regulations, including the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and Export Administration Regulations (EAR) .

⭐ Customer Testimonials (Verified Researchers)

“We purchased Pal-GHK for our angiogenesis studies involving HUVEC tube formation. The COA showed a clean HPLC chromatogram with main peak >99%, and MS confirmed exact mass at 579.8. No mysterious impurities. Will definitely re-order for our next grant cycle.”
— Dr. Amanda R., Principal Investigator, Vascular Biology, Boston, MA 🏆

“I spent weeks struggling with Pal-GHK solubility using another vendor. Your technical support walked me through the DMSO-first method, and it worked perfectly. My scratch assays are finally reproducible. Thank you.”
— James T., PhD Candidate, Dermatology Research, San Francisco, CA 🧪✅

🛒 How to Buy Pal-GHK Online USA

Step 1: Select your quantity (100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, or 1 g).
Step 2: Click ADD TO CART.
Step 3: Checkout securely via Stripe (credit card) or select cryptocurrency for instant discount.
Step 4: Receive order confirmation with tracking number within 1 hour.
Step 5: Download your lot-specific COA from your account dashboard immediately upon shipment.

Bulk/Wholesale Orders: Contact our B2B desk for custom synthesis, multi-gram pricing, and standing purchase agreements.

⚠️ FINAL VERIFICATION WARNING:
Pal-GHK (CAS 147732-56-7, MW 578.79) is not the same as Pal-AHK (CAS 849061-97-6, MW ~590.79) . These sequences are not interchangeable. Verify your CAS number against the COA immediately upon receipt. Buy Peptides Online USA is not responsible for experimental failure due to sequence misidentification.