AHK (Tripeptide-3)

🌱 Introduction: The Angiogenic Hair Growth Research Peptide

Welcome to the cutting edge of hair biology and dermatological research with premium AHK (Tripeptide-3) from Buy Peptides Online USA. This innovative copper-binding tripeptide represents a significant advancement in the study of hair follicle cycling, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. Often referred to as the “hair growth peptide” in research literature, AHK offers scientists a unique tool to investigate how specific peptide sequences can influence hair follicle activity and surrounding vascular support. 🔬

AHK, also known as Tripeptide-3 or Ala-His-Lys, stands out in dermatological research for its dual-action approach—simultaneously addressing hair follicle stimulation and blood vessel support through angiogenesis. Unlike many hair growth compounds that target only one aspect of follicle biology, AHK’s mechanism acknowledges the essential relationship between hair follicles and their vascular supply. This integrated approach makes it particularly valuable for researchers studying the complex interplay between tissue regeneration, vascular support, and appendage growth.

The peptide’s development emerged from understanding copper’s role in hair biology and tissue repair. By creating a specific tripeptide sequence that naturally binds copper, researchers developed a compound that delivers this essential trace element specifically to sites where it can stimulate growth processes. This targeted delivery approach represents a sophisticated strategy in peptide-based research, demonstrating how minimal amino acid sequences can be engineered for specific biological functions.

At our specialized research supply facility, we synthesize this focused peptide to the highest purity standards, ensuring researchers receive consistent, high-quality material for investigations ranging from in vitro angiogenesis assays to in vivo hair growth models. Each batch undergoes comprehensive third-party analytical verification and is produced under strict GMP guidelines, making AHK a reliable tool for dermatological and vascular biology research.

🌟 AHK’s Research Significance:

• Angiogenic Focus: Specifically stimulates new blood vessel formation
• Hair Follicle Targeting: Direct effects on hair growth cycle and follicle activation
• Copper-Binding Design: Natural copper chelation for targeted delivery
• Minimalist Structure: Demonstrates efficacy of ultra-short peptides
• Dual Tissue Effects: Influences both epithelial and vascular components

🔬 What Is AHK (Tripeptide-3)?

AHK, scientifically designated as Tripeptide-3, is a synthetic tripeptide with the sequence Alanine-Histidine-Lysine (Ala-His-Lys). This minimalist peptide is specifically designed to stimulate angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) and support hair follicle activity through copper-binding properties. The name “AHK” directly reflects its amino acid sequence using standard single-letter codes: A for Alanine, H for Histidine, and K for Lysine. 🧪

Historical Development & Research Context:

• Early 2000s Development: Created based on copper-binding peptide research
• Angiogenesis Discovery: Found to stimulate blood vessel formation
• Hair Growth Applications: Later studied for effects on hair follicle biology
• Mechanistic Understanding: Copper-dependent effects on growth processes
• Current Status: Established research tool in dermatology and vascular biology

Chemical Classification & Distinctions:

• Peptide Class: Tripeptide (ultra-short peptide)
• Functional Class: Copper-binding/chelating peptide
• Biological Class: Angiogenic peptide
• Research Distinction: Combines vascular and epithelial effects

The Copper Connection Explained:

• Histidine Role: Primary copper-binding residue through imidazole ring
• Copper Transport: Delivers copper to sites of angiogenesis
• Biological Amplification: Copper enhances peptide’s biological effects
• Research Implication: Copper availability affects experimental outcomes

🔍 Primary Research Functions & Applications:

Hair Growth & Follicle Biology Research 💇
AHK has been extensively researched for effects on:

• Hair Cycle Modulation: Transition from telogen (resting) to anagen (growth) phase
• Follicle Activation: Stimulation of dormant hair follicles
• Hair Shaft Elongation: Increased hair length and growth rate
• Follicle Density: Effects on number of active hair follicles

Angiogenesis & Vascular Biology ❤️

Fundamental mechanism research includes:

• Endothelial Cell Stimulation: Proliferation and migration of blood vessel cells
• Capillary Formation: Development of new capillary networks
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): Upregulation of this key angiogenic factor
• Blood Flow Enhancement: Improved circulation to treated areas

Wound Healing & Tissue Repair 🩹

Important regeneration research areas:

• Healing Acceleration: Faster wound closure in research models
• Granulation Tissue: Enhanced formation of new connective tissue
• Epithelialization: Improved skin regrowth over wounds
• Scar Modulation: Potential effects on scar tissue formation

Skin Rejuvenation & Anti-Aging 👵→👩

Dermatological research applications:

• Skin Thickness: Increased dermal thickness in aging models
• Collagen Support: Indirect support of collagen production
• Skin Vitality: Improved nutrient delivery through enhanced vasculature
• Combination Approaches: With other anti-aging compounds

Comparative Efficacy Studies 📊

Performance research applications:

• Minoxidil Comparisons: Different mechanisms of hair growth stimulation
• Other Growth Factors: Comparisons with VEGF, FGF, etc.
• Peptide Combinations: Synergy with other hair growth peptides
• Traditional Treatments: Versus conventional hair loss approaches

⚗️ Chemical Specifications & Structural Properties

📊 Complete Technical Specifications Table
| Specification | Detail | Research Significance |
|——————-|————|—————————|
| Sequence | Ala-His-Lys (AHK) | Determines copper-binding and biological activity |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄H₂₆N₆O₄ | Precise atomic composition |
| Molecular Weight | 342.40 g/mol | Essential for molar calculations |
| CAS Number | 222400-17-1 | Unique chemical registry identifier |
| PubChem CID | 16132313 | Public database reference |
| Synonyms | Tripeptide-3, AHK, Ala-His-Lys, Copper-binding tripeptide | Alternative research names |
| Purity | ≥98% (HPLC verified) | Ensures research consistency |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, aqueous buffers; copper complex may affect solubility | Important for research preparations |
| Storage Conditions | -20°C for long-term; 2-8°C for daily use | Maintains peptide stability |
| Physical Appearance | White lyophilized powder | Characteristic peptide presentation |
| Shelf Life | 24 months at -20°C unopened | Research planning consideration |
| Quality Verification | HPLC, MS, amino acid analysis | Ensures material authenticity |
| Manufacturing Standard | GMP compliance for peptide synthesis | Guarantees production quality |
| Intended Application | Dermatological, hair biology, angiogenesis research | Defines appropriate research scope |

🔍 Structural Characteristics & Design Rationale:

Ultra-Short Peptide Advantages 📐
AHK’s minimalist structure offers research benefits:

• Excellent Stability: Resists enzymatic degradation better than longer peptides
• Good Penetration: Small size enhances skin and tissue penetration
• Synthetic Simplicity: Easier and more consistent manufacturing
• Research Advantage: Demonstrates minimal active sequences

Copper-Binding Site Analysis 🔗

The histidine residue creates the copper-binding site:

• Imidazole Coordination: Histidine side chain coordinates copper ions
• Optimal Geometry: Spatial arrangement for efficient copper binding
• Binding Affinity: Moderate affinity suitable for biological delivery
• Research Utility: Controlled copper delivery to target tissues

Amino Acid Sequence Significance 🧩

Each residue contributes to function:

• Alanine (Position 1): Small, neutral, provides structural flexibility
• Histidine (Position 2): Copper-binding through imidazole ring
• Lysine (Position 3): Positive charge at physiological pH, may enhance tissue interaction
• Sequence Order: Specific arrangement essential for activity

Charge Characteristics & Bioavailability ⚡

• Net Charge: Positive at physiological pH (lysine contribution)
• Membrane Interaction: Positive charge may enhance cell membrane interaction
• Tissue Binding: May bind to negatively charged extracellular matrix components
• Research Consideration: Charge affects formulation and delivery

Comparative Structural Analysis:
Table: AHK vs. Related Hair Growth Peptides
| Structural Feature | AHK (Tripeptide-3) | Copper Tripeptide-1 (GHK-Cu) | Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 |
|————————|————————|———————————-|——————————|
| Length | 3 amino acids | 3 amino acids + copper | 5 amino acids + palmitoyl |
| Copper Binding | Yes, through histidine | Yes, complexed | No |
| Primary Mechanism | Angiogenesis + copper delivery | Multiple tissue repair | Collagen stimulation |
| Charge | Positive | Positive | Variable |
| Research Focus | Hair + vascular | Skin repair + anti-aging | Collagen production |

Physicochemical Properties for Research:

• Isoelectric Point: Approximately 9-10 (due to basic residues)
• Charge at pH 7: Positive (lysine dominant)
• Hydrophilicity: Highly hydrophilic, excellent aqueous solubility
• Copper Complex Stability: Forms stable 1:1 complex with copper ions
• Research Relevance: These properties affect experimental design and formulation

⚙️ How AHK Works: Research Mechanisms

Primary Research Mechanisms:

1. Copper-Binding & Targeted Delivery 🎯
AHK’s signature mechanism involves specific copper chelation:

• Coordination Chemistry: Histidine imidazole binds copper ions
• Targeted Transport: Delivers copper to specific tissue sites
• Bioavailability Enhancement: May improve copper availability at target sites
• Reduced Systemic Effects: Localized copper delivery minimizes systemic exposure

Detailed Copper Effects:

• Cofactor Delivery: Copper serves as essential cofactor for lysyl oxidase
• Enzyme Activation: Copper-dependent enzyme stimulation
• Redox Modulation: Copper’s role in cellular redox balance
• Research Applications: Study of trace element delivery systems

2. Angiogenesis Stimulation ❤️

Primary vascular effects:

• Endothelial Cell Proliferation: Increased division of blood vessel lining cells
• Cell Migration Enhancement: Directed movement toward angiogenic signals
• Tube Formation: Organization into capillary-like structures
• VEGF Upregulation: Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor

Angiogenesis Mechanism Details:

• Hypoxia Mimicry: May mimic hypoxic conditions that stimulate angiogenesis
• Integrin Activation: Possible effects on cell adhesion molecules
• Matrix Remodeling: Enzymatic changes supporting new vessel formation
• Research Models: Chicken chorioallantoic membrane, matrigel assays, etc.

3. Hair Follicle Activation & Cycling 💇

Direct effects on hair biology:

• Anagen Phase Induction: Transition from resting to growth phase
• Follicle Stem Cell Stimulation: Effects on bulge stem cells
• Dermal Papilla Activation: Key signaling center for hair growth
• Hair Shaft Production: Increased keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation

4. Growth Factor Modulation 📈

Indirect effects through signaling pathways:

• VEGF Enhancement: Primary angiogenic growth factor stimulation
• FGF Effects: Possible fibroblast growth factor interactions
• TGF-β Modulation: Effects on transforming growth factor pathways
• Cross-Talk: Interactions between different growth factor systems

Time Course of Effects in Research Models:
Table: Temporal Profile of AHK Effects
| Time After Application | Primary Effects Observed | Research Measurement Timing |
|—————————-|——————————|———————————|
| Hours | Initial copper binding, early gene expression | Acute molecular studies |
| Days | Angiogenic responses, initial cellular changes | Short-term cellular assays |
| 1-2 Weeks | Visible angiogenesis, early hair cycle changes | Intermediate efficacy studies |
| 3-8 Weeks | Significant hair growth, vascular network development | Standard hair growth study period |
| Long-Term | Mature vascular support, sustained hair growth | Chronic treatment studies |

Dose-Response Characteristics:

Research shows clear dose-response relationships:

• Low Concentrations (0.1-1 μM): Subtle angiogenic effects
• Medium Concentrations (1-10 μM): Robust angiogenesis and hair effects
• High Concentrations (10-100 μM): Maximum effects, potential saturation
• Research Recommendation: 1-10 μM for most in vitro studies

Copper Concentration Effects:

• Copper-Dependent: Biological effects enhanced by copper availability
• Optimal Ratio: Typically 1:1 peptide:copper molar ratio
• Excess Copper: May reduce efficacy or cause oxidative stress
• Research Consideration: Control copper concentrations in experiments

🔬 Research Applications & Model Systems

Primary Research Domains:

Hair Biology & Trichology Research 💇

• Hair Cycle Models: Studies of anagen, catagen, telogen transitions
• Follicle Organ Culture: Isolated hair follicle maintenance and stimulation
• Animal Hair Growth Models: Mouse, rat, rabbit models of hair growth
• Human Follicle Studies: Ex vivo human hair follicle research

Angiogenesis & Vascular Biology ❤️

• Endothelial Cell Culture: Proliferation, migration, tube formation assays
• In Vivo Angiogenesis Models: Matrigel plug, corneal, chick embryo assays
• Microvascular Research: Capillary formation and network development
• Ischemic Models: Therapeutic angiogenesis in tissue ischemia

Dermatology & Wound Healing 🩹

• Excisional Wound Models: Full-thickness wound healing studies
• Diabetic Wound Research: Impaired healing models
• Burn Wound Studies: Thermal injury repair models
• Skin Graft Research: Vascularization of grafted tissue

Cosmetic & Anti-Aging Dermatology 👩

• Skin Rejuvenation Studies: Dermal thickness, collagen content
• Scalp Health Research: Follicle microenvironment and health
• Combination Formulations: With other anti-aging compounds
• Delivery Optimization: Topical penetration and formulation studies

Endpoint Selection for Comprehensive Research:

Molecular & Biochemical Endpoints 🧪

• Gene Expression: VEGF, FGF, hair keratin genes, cell cycle regulators
• Protein Analysis: Growth factor levels, angiogenesis markers
• Enzyme Activity: Lysyl oxidase, other copper-dependent enzymes
• Copper Uptake: Tissue copper concentration measurements

Cellular & Tissue Endpoints 🔬

• Cell Proliferation: Endothelial cells, keratinocytes, dermal papilla cells
• Migration Assays: Scratch/wound healing, Boyden chamber assays
• Tube Formation: Endothelial network formation in 3D matrices
• Histological Analysis: Tissue sections for vascular density, follicle status

Functional & Visual Endpoints 👁️

• Hair Growth Measurements: Hair length, density, growth rate, cycle stage
• Angiogenesis Assessment: Vessel density, branching, perfusion
• Wound Healing Metrics: Closure rate, healing quality, scar formation
• Clinical Photography: Standardized imaging for visual assessment

Protocol Design Recommendations:

Model System Selection Guidelines:
Table: Research Model Considerations for AHK Studies
| Model Type | Best Applications | Advantages | Considerations |
|—————-|———————–|—————-|——————–|
| Cell Culture | Mechanism, angiogenesis | Controlled, specific | Limited tissue context |
| Hair Follicle Culture | Direct follicle effects | Relevant tissue, controlled | Technical difficulty |
| Animal Hair Models | In vivo hair growth | Whole-system response | Species differences |
| Angiogenesis Models | Vascular effects | Specific vascular focus | May not include hair effects |
| Clinical Studies | Human efficacy | Direct relevance | Ethical, regulatory |

Copper Considerations in Experimental Design:

• Copper Addition: Include copper chloride or sulfate in appropriate concentrations
• Control Conditions: Peptide alone, copper alone, peptide+copper combinations
• Copper Measurement: Assess copper levels in experimental systems
• Chelator Controls: EDTA or other chelators to confirm copper dependence

Formulation & Delivery Optimization:

• Vehicle Selection: Aqueous systems optimal for peptide solubility
• Penetration Enhancement: Methods to improve skin/follicle delivery
• Concentration Optimization: Typically 0.1-1% in topical formulations
• Application Frequency: Once vs. twice daily in animal models

Control Strategy Development:

• Vehicle Controls: Essential for formulation effects
• Positive Controls: Minoxidil for hair, VEGF for angiogenesis
• Copper Controls: Copper alone to distinguish peptide effects
• Dose-Response Designs: Multiple concentrations to establish efficacy

Measurement Timing Planning:

• Acute Measurements: Hours to days for molecular changes
• Intermediate: Weeks for angiogenesis and early hair effects
• Long-Term: Months for mature hair growth and vascular networks
• Follow-Up: After treatment cessation to study persistence

💎 Why Choose AHK & Why Choose Us?

Unique Advantages of AHK for Research:

Dual Mechanism Research Tool 🔄

• Angiogenesis + Hair Growth: Studies both vascular and epithelial effects
• Integrated Approach: Recognizes vascular support for tissue growth
• Mechanistic Synergy: Copper delivery enhances both mechanisms
• Research Efficiency: Single compound studying connected processes

Minimalist Peptide Design 📐

• Structure-Activity Studies: Ideal for minimal active sequence research
• Stability Advantages: Better stability than longer peptides
• Penetration Benefits: Small size enhances tissue delivery
• Manufacturing Consistency: Easier to produce with high purity

Copper-Dependent Mechanism 🔗

• Trace Element Research: Tool for studying copper biology
• Targeted Delivery: Model for localized trace element delivery
• Cofactor Studies: Research on copper-dependent enzymes
• Redox Biology: Copper’s role in cellular redox processes

Established Research Applications 📚

• Well-Characterized: Extensive published research available
• Standardized Models: Established protocols for efficacy assessment
• Dose-Response Defined: Effective concentrations well documented
• Comparative Data: Comparisons with other hair growth approaches

Buy Peptides Online USA Advantages:

Pharmaceutical-Grade Quality Standards 🌟

• Purity Verification: ≥98% purity with comprehensive impurity profiling
• Sequence Confirmation: MS verification of peptide identity
• Sterility Assurance: Microbial testing for relevant applications
• Complete Documentation: Extensive COA with all analytical data
• Batch Consistency: Rigorous controls ensuring identical quality

Research-Focused Support 🔬

• Technical Consultation: Available for research design questions
• Literature Access: Help with relevant research approaches
• Protocol Guidance: Based on established AHK research
• Copper Guidance: Advice on copper addition in experiments

Service Excellence ⚡

• Fast Processing: Most orders ship within 1-2 business days
• Temperature-Controlled Shipping: For peptide stability
• Responsive Support: Knowledgeable assistance for research inquiries
• Customer Commitment: Resolution-focused approach to any issues

Peptide-Specific Expertise 💎

• Copper Peptide Knowledge: Understanding of copper-binding peptides
• Stability Guidance: Proper storage and handling for peptide integrity
• Research Applications: Experience with various dermatological models
• Quality Assurance: Ensures peptide purity and activity for research

📦 Product Specifications & Ordering Information

AHK (Tripeptide-3) – Complete Details:

• Product Form: Lyophilized peptide powder
• Purity: ≥98% by HPLC analysis
• Quantity Options: 100mg, 250mg, 500mg, 1g vials available
• Appearance: White fluffy powder in sterile glass vial
• Packaging: Sealed vial with inert gas, desiccant, protective packaging
• Labeling: Clear batch identification with storage instructions

Streamlined Ordering Process: 🛒

1. Product Selection: Choose desired quantity of AHK
2. Documentation Review: Access current batch COA before purchase
3. Secure Checkout: Complete purchase through encrypted payment system
4. Order Confirmation: Immediate email confirmation with timeline
5. Shipping Notification: Tracking information when order ships
6. Receipt & Verification: Check product upon arrival and store at -20°C
7. Research Implementation: Proceed with approved research protocols

Available Payment Methods:

• Credit/Debit Cards: Secure processing with encrypted protection
• Cryptocurrency: Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT options available
• Bank Transfers: Accommodated for institutional purchases
• Purchase Orders: Accepted from verified research institutions

Shipping & Delivery Information:

• USA Orders: Typically delivered within 2-5 business days
• International Shipping: Available with compliance documentation
• Free Shipping: Domestic orders over $300 ship free
• Temperature Control: Cold packs for peptide stability during transit
• Discreet Packaging: No external indication of contents
• Tracking Provided: All shipments include tracking information

Customer Support Services: 🤝

• Pre-Purchase Consultation: Available for research design questions
• Technical Specifications: Detailed peptide information
• Documentation Requests: Additional certificates or analytical data
• Issue Resolution: Responsive handling of any order concerns
• Research Guidance: Protocol suggestions for hair and angiogenesis studies

❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: Is AHK the same as Copper Peptide GHK?

A: No, they are different peptides. AHK is Ala-His-Lys, while GHK is Gly-His-Lys. Both bind copper through their histidine residue, but they have different biological activities and research applications. AHK is more focused on angiogenesis and hair growth, while GHK has broader tissue repair effects.

Q2: Does AHK require copper to be effective in research?

A: Yes, AHK’s biological effects are significantly enhanced by copper. The peptide binds copper and delivers it to target tissues, where copper acts as a cofactor for various enzymes. Most research includes copper addition (typically as copper chloride) at approximately 1:1 molar ratio with the peptide.

Q3: What concentration of AHK is typically used in research?

A: For cell culture studies, typical concentrations are 1-10 μM. For topical formulations in animal studies, 0.1-1% concentrations are common. However, optimal concentration depends on your specific model, endpoints, and whether copper is co-administered. We recommend starting with established ranges from literature.

Q4: How should AHK be stored for research use?

A: Store unopened vials at -20°C for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, store at 2-8°C for up to one month, or aliquot and freeze at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Always protect from light and ensure proper sealing to prevent moisture absorption.

Q5: Can AHK be used in combination with other hair growth compounds?

A: Yes, AHK is often studied in combination with other hair growth approaches (minoxidil, other peptides, growth factors) to investigate synergistic effects. Such combinations allow research into multi-mechanism approaches to hair restoration. Always test compatibility in your specific systems.

Q6: What research models are most appropriate for AHK studies?

A: AHK is suitable for endothelial cell culture (angiogenesis assays), hair follicle organ culture, animal hair growth models (mouse, rat), wound healing models, and ex vivo human skin/hair follicle studies. The choice depends on whether you’re studying angiogenesis, hair growth, or both.

Q7: How long does it take to see effects in research models?

A: Angiogenic effects in cell culture can be seen within days. Hair growth effects in animal models typically show within 2-4 weeks, with maximum effects at 6-8 weeks. Timeframes vary by model, endpoints, and administration method.

Q8: Is AHK stable in formulations?

A: AHK has good stability in aqueous formulations at physiological pH. Stability can be affected by extreme pH, certain preservatives, and oxidizing agents. For formulation research, we recommend conducting stability studies under your specific conditions, especially regarding copper compatibility.

Q9: What analytical methods confirm AHK purity and identity?

A: We use HPLC for purity assessment (≥98%), Mass Spectrometry for molecular weight confirmation (342.40 Da), and amino acid analysis for sequence verification. These methods are standard for peptide characterization and are detailed in our Certificate of Analysis.

Q10: Is international shipping available for AHK?

A: Yes, we ship to research facilities worldwide where importation of research peptides is permitted. Researchers are responsible for ensuring compliance with their country’s import regulations for research materials.

🔬 Conclusion: Advancing Hair and Vascular Biology Research

AHK (Tripeptide-3) represents a targeted approach to hair growth and angiogenesis research through its copper-binding, minimalist peptide design. By addressing both the hair follicle itself and its essential vascular support, AHK offers researchers a comprehensive tool to study the integrated biology of hair growth and tissue regeneration. 🌱

This peptide remains particularly valuable for researchers exploring the relationship between angiogenesis and epithelial growth, copper biology in tissue repair, and minimal active sequences for therapeutic development. Its well-characterized dual mechanism, copper-dependent activity, and established efficacy models make it an excellent tool for both basic research and applied dermatological studies.

Our high-purity AHK is manufactured to rigorous quality standards, ensuring researchers receive consistent, reliable material for their investigations. With comprehensive analytical verification and GMP-compliant production, our product supports reproducible research into one of the most focused applications of peptide science in dermatology and vascular biology.

Key Research Applications:

• Hair Follicle Biology: Mechanisms of hair growth cycle regulation
• Therapeutic Angiogenesis: Stimulation of new blood vessel formation
• Copper Biology: Targeted delivery of essential trace elements
• Wound Healing Research: Vascular support for tissue repair
• Minimal Peptide Design: Structure-activity of ultra-short peptides

Ready to explore angiogenesis and hair biology? Choose AHK for your studies of vascular-epithelial interactions, copper-dependent processes, and hair growth mechanisms. Place your order today and advance your research with this focused angiogenic peptide.